Scratch Games To Play

Ages 8 & Under
  1. Fun Games To Play Scratch
  2. Scratch Jr Games To Play
  3. Scratch Games
  4. Scratch Junior Games To Play
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ScratchJr is an introductory programming language that enables young children (ages 5 and up) to create their own interactive stories and games. Children snap together graphical programming blocks to make characters move, jump, dance, and sing. Children can modify characters in the paint editor, add their own voices and sounds, even insert photos of themselves -- then use the programming blocks to make their characters come to life.
ScratchJr was inspired by the popular Scratch programming language (http://scratch.mit.edu), used by millions of young people (ages 8 and up) around the world. In creating ScratchJr, we redesigned the interface and programming language to make them developmentally appropriate for younger children, carefully designing features to match young children's cognitive, personal, social, and emotional development.
We see coding (or computer programming) as a new type of literacy. Just as writing helps you organize your thinking and express your ideas, the same is true for coding. In the past, coding was seen as too difficult for most people. But we think coding should be for everyone, just like writing.
As young children code with ScratchJr, they learn how to create and express themselves with the computer, not just to interact with it. In the process, children learn to solve problems and design projects, and they develop sequencing skills that are foundational for later academic success. They also use math and language in a meaningful and motivating context, supporting the development of early-childhood numeracy and literacy. With ScratchJr, children aren't just learning to code, they are coding to learn.
ScratchJr is a collaboration between the Developmental Technologies group at Tufts University, the Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab, and the Playful Invention Company. Two Sigma led the implementation of the Android version of ScratchJr. The graphics and illustrations for ScratchJr were created by HvingtQuatre Company and Sarah Thomson.
If you enjoy using this free app, please consider making a donation to the Scratch Foundation (http://www.scratchfoundation.org), a nonprofit organization that provides ongoing support for ScratchJr. We appreciate donations of all sizes, large and small.
This version of ScratchJr works only on tablets that are 7-inches or larger, and running Android 4.2 (Jelly Bean) or higher.
Terms of Use: http://www.scratchjr.org/eula.html
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Fun Games To Play Scratch
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Scratch Foundation
Scratch
ParadigmEvent-driven, visual, block-based programming language
First appeared2002 (first prototype)
2005 (second prototype)
January 8, 2007; 12 years ago (public launch)
May 9, 2013; 6 years ago (Scratch 2.0)
January 2, 2019; 9 months ago (Scratch 3.0)
Implementation languageSqueak (Scratch 0.x, 1.x)
ActionScript (Scratch 2.0)
JavaScript (Scratch 3.0)
OSWindows, macOS, Linux (runs on most browsers)
LicenseGPLv2 and Scratch Source Code License
Filename extensions.scratch (Scratch 0.x)
.sb, .sprite (Scratch 1.x)
.sb2, .sprite2 (Scratch 2.0)
.sb3, .sprite3 (Scratch 3.0)
Websitescratch.mit.edu
Influenced by
Logo, Smalltalk, HyperCard, StarLogo, AgentSheets, AgentCubes, Etoys
Influenced
ScratchJr, Snap!

Scratch is a block-based visual programming language and online community targeted primarily at children. Users of the site can create online projects using a block-like interface. The service is developed by the MIT Media Lab, has been translated into 70+ languages, and is used in most parts of the world.[1] Scratch is taught and used in after-school centers, schools, and colleges, as well as other public knowledge institutions. As of May 2019, community statistics on the language's official website show more than 40 million projects shared by over 40 million users, and almost 40 million monthly website visits.[1]

'Scratch Cat', the mascot of the website

Scratch takes its name from a technique used by disk jockeys called 'scratching', where vinyl records are clipped together and manipulated on a turntable to produce different sound effects and music. Like scratching, the website lets users mix together different media (including graphics, sound, and other programs) in creative ways by 'remixing' projects.[2][3]

  • 1Scratch 3.0
    • 1.3Extensions
  • 2Community of users
  • 5Older versions
  • 6Features and derivatives

Scratch 3.0[edit]

User interface[edit]

The Scratch interface has three main sections: a stage area, blocks palette, and a coding area to place and arrange the blocks into runnable scripts.

The Scratch 3.0 development environment on startup.

The stage area features the results (i.e., animations, turtle graphics, etc., either in a small or normal size, with a full-screen also available) and all sprites thumbnails listed in the bottom area. The stage uses x and y coordinates, with 0,0 being the stage center.[4]

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With a sprite selected at the bottom of the staging area, blocks of commands can be applied to it by dragging them from the blocks palette into the coding area. The Costumes tab, allows users can change the look of the sprite in order to create various effects, including animation.[4] The Sounds tab allows attaching sounds and music to a sprite.[5]

When creating sprites and backgrounds, users can draw their own sprite manually,[4] choose a Sprite from a library, or upload an existing image.[5]

The table below shows the categories of the programming blocks:

CategoryNotesCategoryNotes
MotionMoves sprites, changes angles and positionSensingSprites can interact with the surroundings
LooksControls the visuals of the spriteOperatorsMathematical operators, comparisons
SoundPlays audio files and effectsVariablesVariable and List usage and assignment
EventsEvent handlersMy BlocksCustom procedures
ControlConditionals and loops etc.

Offline editing[edit]

An offline 'desktop editor' is available for Microsoft Windows 10 and Apple’s MacOS 10.13;[6] this allows the creation and playing of scratch programs locally, without an Internet connection.

Extensions[edit]

Extensions add extra blocks and features that can be used in projects. In Scratch 2.0, the extensions were all hardware based, but software based extensions were added in Scratch 3.0

Physical[edit]

  • EV3 - control motors and receive sensor data from the LEGO EV3
  • Makey Makey - use the Makey Makey to control your projects
  • LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 - control motors and receive sensor data from the LEGO WeDo
  • BBC micro:bit - use of a BBC micro:bit to control projects

Digital[edit]

Many of the digital extensions in Scratch 3.0 used to be regular block categories that were moved to the extensions section to reduce clutter. These include:

  • Music - Play digital instruments (drums, trumpets, violins, pianos and more)
  • Pen - Draw on the Stage with a variety of thicknesses and color
  • Video Sensing - Detect motion with the camera.

However, new digital extensions have also been added in collaborations with commercial companies. These include:

  • Text to Speech - Converts words in a text into voice output (variety of voices, supplied by Amazon)
  • Translate - Uses Google Translate to translate text from one language into a variety of other languages

Users can also create their own extensions for Scratch 3.0 using JavaScript.[7]

Code base[edit]

Scratch 3.x is a completely new JavaScript-based code-base made up of multiple components such as 'Scratch-GUI', now based on a library from Blockly,[8] 'Scratch-VM', which interprets code, and 'Scratch-Render', the rendering engine.[9]

Community of users[edit]

The Scratch website after the release of public project sharing in late 2007

Scratch is used in many different settings: schools,[10]museums,[11]libraries,[2]community centers, and homes. Although Scratch's main user age group is 8–18 years of age, Scratch has also been created for educators and parents. This wide outreach has created many surrounding communities, both physical and digital.[1]

Scratch Jr Games To Play

Educational users[edit]

Scratch is popular in the United Kingdom through Code Clubs. Scratch is used as the introductory language because the creation of interesting programs is relatively easy, and skills learned can be applied to other programming languages such as Python and Java.

Comparison of Scratch 1.4 and Scratch 2

Scratch is not exclusively for creating games. With the provided visuals, programmers can create animations, text, stories, music, and more. There are already many programs which students can use to learn topics in math, history, and even photography. Scratch allows teachers to create conceptual and visual lessons and science lab assignments with animations that help visualize difficult concepts. Within the social sciences, instructors can create quizzes, games, and tutorials with interactive elements. Using Scratch allows young people to understand the logic of programming and how to creatively build and collaborate.[12]

Scratch is taught to more than 800 schools and 70 colleges of DAV organization in India and across the world.[13][14]

In higher education, Scratch is used in the first week of Harvard University's CS50 introductory computer science course.[15][16]

Online community[edit]

On Scratch, members have the capability to share their projects and get feedback. Projects can be uploaded directly from the development environment to the Scratch website and any member of the community can download the full source code to study or to remix into new projects.[17][18] Members can also create project studios, comment, tag, favorite, and 'love' others' projects, follow other members to see their projects and activity, and share ideas. Projects range from games to animations to practical tools. Additionally, to encourage creation and sharing amongst users, the website frequently establishes 'Scratch Design Studio' challenges.[19]

The MIT Scratch Team works to ensure that this community maintains a friendly and respectful environment for all people.[20][21]

Educators have their own online community for called ScratchEd, developed and supported by the Harvard Graduate School of Education. In this community, Scratch educators share stories, exchange resources, and ask questions.[22]

Scratch Wiki[edit]

The Scratch Wiki is a support resource for Scratch and its website, history, and phenomena surrounding it. Although supported by the Scratch Team (developers of Scratch), it is primarily written by Scratchers (users of Scratch) for information regarding projects and things that interest users.[23]

Events[edit]

Scratch Educators can gather in person at Scratch Educator Meetups. At these gatherings, Scratch Educators learn from each other and share ideas and strategies that support computational creativity.[24]

An annual 'Scratch Day' is declared in May each year. Community members are encouraged to host an event on or around this day, large or small, that celebrates Scratch. These events are held worldwide, and a listing can be found on the Scratch Day website.[25]

History[edit]

The MIT Media Lab's Lifelong Kindergarten group, led by Mitchel Resnick, in partnership with the Montreal-based consulting firm, the Playful Invention Company, co-founded by Brian Silverman and Paula Bonta, together developed the first desktop-only version of Scratch in 2003. It started as a basic coding language, with no labeled categories and no green flag.[26] Scratch was made with the intention to teach kids to code.[26]

The philosophy of Scratch encourages the sharing, reuse, and combination of code, as indicated by the team slogan, 'Imagine, Program, Share'.[27] Users can make their own projects, or they may choose to 'remix' someone else's project. Projects created and remixed with Scratch are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.[28] Scratch automatically gives credit to the user who created the original project and program.[2]

Scratch was developed based on ongoing interaction with youth and staff at Computer Clubhouses. The use of Scratch at Computer Clubhouses served as a model for other after-school centers demonstrating how informal learning settings can support the development of technological fluency.[29]

The 2.0 Scratch homepage skin

Scratch 2.0 was released on May 9, 2013.[4] The update changed the look of the site and included both and an online project editor and an offline editor.[30] Custom blocks could now be defined within projects, along with several other improvements.[31] The Scratch 2.0 Offline editor could be downloaded for Windows, Mac and Linux directly from Scratch's website, although support for Linux was later dropped. The unofficial mobile version had to be downloaded from the Scratch forums.[32][33]

Scratch 3.0 was first announced by the Scratch Team in 2016. Several public alpha versions were released between then and January 2018, after which the pre-beta 'Preview' versions were released.[34] A beta version of Scratch 3.0 was released on 1 August 2018[35] for use on most browsers; with the notable exception of Internet Explorer.[36]

The first release version of Scratch 3.x, 3.0, was released on 2 January 2019.

File formats[edit]

In version 1.4. an .sb file was the file format used to store projects.[37]

An .sb file is divided into four sections:

  • 'header', this 10-byte header contains the ASCII string 'ScratchV02' in versions higher than 1.2, and 'ScratchV01' in versions 1.2 and below
  • 'infoSize', encodes the length of the project's infoObjects. A four-byte long, 32-bit, big-Endian integer.
  • 'infoObjects', a dictionary-format data section. It contains: 'thumbnail', a thumbnail of the project's stage; 'author', the username of the project's creator; 'comment', the Project Notes; 'history', the save and upload log; 'scratch-version', the version of Scratch used to save the file;
  • 'contents', an object table with the Stage as the root. All objects in the program are stored here as references.

Version 2.0 uses the .sb2 file format. These are zip files containing a .json file as well as the contents of the Scratch project including sounds (stored as .wav) and images (stored as .png).[38] Each filetype, excluding the project.json, is stored as a number, starting at 0 and counting up with each additional file. The image file labeled '0.png' is always a 480x360 white image, but '0.wav' will still be the earliest non-deleted file.

The ScratchX experimental version of Scratch used the .sbx file format.[39]

Scratch 3.0 uses the .sb3 format, which is essentially very similar to .sb2.[40]

Older versions[edit]

Scratch 2.0 development environment and its different areas at startup

Although the main Scratch website now runs only the current version (3.0), the offline editors for Scratch 2.0 (and the earlier 1.4) are still available for download[41] and can be used to create and run games locally.[citation needed][42]

Technology[edit]

Scratch 2.0 relied on Adobe Flash for the online version, and Adobe AIR for the offline editor. These have fallen out of favor,[43] and Adobe is dropping support for them at the end of 2020.[44]

Interface[edit]

Hello, World! in Scratch 2.0

In Scratch 2.0, the stage area is on the left side, with the programming blocks palette in the middle the coding area on the right. Extensions are in the 'More blocks' section of palette.[45]

The blocks palette in Scratch 2.0 is made of discrete sections that are not scrollable from one to the next; the table below shows the different sections:

CategoryNotesCategoryNotes
MotionMoves sprites, changes positionEventsEvent handlers
LooksControls the visuals of the spriteControlConditionals and loops
SoundAudio files, sequencesSensingSprite interaction
PenDraw on the canvasOperatorsMathematical operators
DataVariables and ListsMore BlocksCustom procedures, and external devices

Extensions[edit]

In Scratch 2.0, extensions were all hardware based.

Features and derivatives[edit]

Scratch uses event-driven programming with multiple active objects called sprites.[4] Sprites can be drawn, as vector or bitmap graphics, from scratch in a simple editor that is part of Scratch, or can be imported from external sources. Scratch 3 only supports one-dimensional arrays, known as 'lists', and floating point scalars and strings are supported, but with limited string manipulation ability. There is a strong contrast between the powerful multimedia functions and multi-threaded programming style and the rather limited scope of the Scratch programming language.

Scratch Games

The 2.0 version of Scratch does not treat procedures as first class structures and has limited file I/O options with Scratch 2.0 Extension Protocol; an experimental extension feature that allows interaction between Scratch 2.0 and other programs.[46] The Extension protocol allows interfacing with hardware boards such as Lego Mindstorms[47] or Arduino.[48] Version 2 of Scratch was implemented in ActionScript, with an experimental JavaScript-based interpreter being developed in parallel.[49]

Version 1.4 of Scratch was based on Squeak, which is based on Smalltalk-80. A number of Scratch derivatives[50] called Scratch Modifications have been created using the source code of Scratch version 1.4. Ethernet controller windows 7 32 bit driver. These programs are a variant of Scratch that normally include a few extra blocks or changes to the GUI.[51]

Snap![edit]

A more advanced visual programming language inspired by Scratch is Snap!, featuring first class procedures (their mathematical foundations are called also lambda calculus), first class lists (including lists of lists), and first class truly object oriented sprites with prototyping inheritance, and nestable sprites, which are not part of Scratch.[52] Snap! (previously 'BYOB') was developed by Jens Mönig[53][54] with documentation provided by Brian Harvey[55][56] from University of California, Berkeley and has been used to teach 'The Beauty and Joy of Computing' introductory course in CS for non-CS-major students.[57]

Scratch Jr[edit]

In July 2014, ScratchJr was released for iPad, and in 2016, ScratchJr for Android. Although heavily inspired by Scratch and co-led by Mitch Resnick, it is nonetheless a complete rewrite designed for younger children - targetting ages 5–7.[58]

See also[edit]

  • Blockly, interface inspired by Scratch

Youth computing projects from MIT's Lifelong Kindergarten Group:

References[edit]

  1. ^ abc'Community statistics at a glance'. scratch.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  2. ^ abcLamb, Annette; Johnson, Larry (April 2011). 'Scratch: Computer Programming for 21st Century Learners'(PDF). Teacher Librarian. 38 (4): 64–68. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  3. ^Schorow, Stephanie (14 May 2007). 'Creating from Scratch'. MIT News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  4. ^ abcdeMarji, Majed (2014). Learn to Program with Scratch. San Francisco, California: No Starch Press. pp. xvii, 1–9, 13–15. ISBN9781593275433.
  5. ^ ab'Science Buddies: Scratch User Guide: Installing & Getting Started with Scratch'. ScienceBuddies.org. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  6. ^'Scratch Desktop'. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  7. ^'Scratch 3.0 Extensions'. Github. MIT. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  8. ^Pasternak, Erik (17 January 2019). 'Scratch 3.0's new programming blocks, built on Blockly'. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  9. ^Frang, Corey (28 February 2019). 'Porting Scratch from Flash to Javascript'. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  10. ^Oliveira, Michael (30 April 2014). 'Canadian schools starting to teach computer coding to kids'. CTV.ca. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  11. ^'Scratch Day'. Science Museum of Minnesota. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  12. ^Martin, Neil (25 June 2015). 'What is Scratch? Is it AV or IT?'. AV Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  13. ^'DAV CS Syllabus'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  14. ^'DAV Jharkhand Syllabus'. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  15. ^Young, Jeffrey R. (20 July 2007). 'Fun, Not Fear, Is at the Heart of Scratch, a New Programming Language'. The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN0009-5982. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  16. ^'CS50 Syllabus'. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  17. ^Monroy-Hernandez, Andres; Hill, Benjamin Mako; Gonzalez-Rivero, Jazmin; Boyd, Danah (2011). 'Computers Can't Give Credit: How Automatic Attribution Falls Short in an Online Remixing Community'. Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11). ACM. pp. 3421–30. arXiv:1507.01285. doi:10.1145/1978942.1979452.
  18. ^Hill, B.M; Monroy-Hernández, A.; Olson, K.R. (2010). 'Responses to remixing on a social media sharing website'. ICWSM 2010 : Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, May 23–26, 2010. Washington, D.C.: AAAI Press. arXiv:1507.01284. Bibcode:2015arXiv150701284M. ISBN9781577354451. OCLC844857775.
  19. ^'Scratch Design Studio'. wiki.scratch.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  20. ^'For Parents'. scratch.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
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  27. ^'Scratch - Imagine, Program, Share'. scratch.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  28. ^'Creative Commons License'. wiki.scratch.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  29. ^'ITR: A Networked, Media-Rich Programming Environment to Enhance Informal Learning and Technological Fluency at Community Technology Centers'. National Science Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 December 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  30. ^'Scratch Desktop'. scratch.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  31. ^Biggs, John (10 May 2013). 'Kids' Programming Tool Scratch Now Runs In The Browser'. TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
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  38. ^'Scratch File Format (2.0)'. Scratch Wiki. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  39. ^ScratchX wiki on GitHub
  40. ^'Scratch File Format'. Scratch Wiki. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  41. ^'Scratch 2.0 Offline Editor'. MIT. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  42. ^'3 Things To Know About Scratch 3.0'. The Scratch Team. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  43. ^O'Donnell, Lindsey (14 January 2019). 'Mozilla Kills Default Support for Adobe Flash in Firefox 69'. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  44. ^Adobe Corporate Communications (30 May 2019). 'The Future of Adobe AIR'. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  45. ^Resnick, Mitchel; Maloney, John; Hernández, Andrés; Rusk, Natalie; Eastmond, Evelyn; Brennan, Karen; Millner, Amon; Rosenbaum, Eric; Silver, Jay; Silverman, Brian; Kafai, Yasmin (November 2009). 'Scratch: Programming for All'. Communications of the ACM. 52 (11): 60–67. doi:10.1145/1592761.1592779. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  46. ^'Scratch Extension'. MIT. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  47. ^'EV3+Scratch Extension'. Scratch extension GitHub. Code & Circuit. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  48. ^'Preliminary Scratch extension for talking to Arduino boards running Firmata'. Scratch extension GitHub. Damellis. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  49. ^'We're seeking contributors to help finish our HTML5 Scratch player (now open sourced!)'. Scratch. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  50. ^'Scratch Modification'. Scratch Wiki. Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT Media Lab. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  51. ^'Blocks'. Scratch Wiki. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  52. ^'Snap! — Build Your Own Blocks'. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  53. ^Mönig, Jens. 'Jens on Scratch'. Scratch. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  54. ^Mönig, Jens (31 May 2011). 'BYOB 3.1 - Prototypal Inheritance for Scratch'. Chirp Blog. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  55. ^'Brian Harvey'. Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  56. ^'bharvey'. Scratch. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  57. ^'CS10 : The Beauty and Joy of Computing'. EECS Instructional Support Group Home Page. Archived from the original on 23 January 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  58. ^'About ScratchJr'. scratchjr.org. Retrieved 19 September 2019.

External links[edit]

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Scratch
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scratch (programming language).
  • Official website
  • Scratch at Curlie

Scratch Junior Games To Play

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